Bridge financing gets treated like a magic wand by a lot of first-time move-up buyers, and it isn't one.
Here's what it is: a short-term loan, typically running up to around 90 days depending on the lender, that lets you access equity from your current home before that sale actually closes, so you can complete the purchase of your new home on schedule.
Here's what it is not: a way to buy a house before your current one has a firm sale. Every major lender I'm aware of requires a firm, unconditional agreement of purchase and sale on your existing property, plus an accepted agreement on the property you're buying, before they'll approve bridge financing. In other words, bridge financing shows up after the hard part (actually selling your house) is already done. It solves the timing gap between two closing dates, it does not solve the uncertainty of whether your house will sell at all.
Typical lender requirements:
- a copy of the firm sale agreement on your current home,
- a copy of the purchase agreement on the new home, and separate mortgage approval on the new property. The loan amount is generally based on the equity being freed up (sale price, minus your existing mortgage balance, minus estimated selling costs and any penalty), and interest rates on bridge loans run higher than a typical mortgage rate, commonly in the range of prime plus 2 to 3%, plus setup and legal fees that can run from a few hundred to a couple thousand dollars depending on the lender.
A simple example with round numbers: say your current home has a firm sale at $400,000, closing in 30 days. You owe $220,000 on your existing mortgage. You need to close on your new $500,000 purchase in 10 days, before your sale closes. A lender might bridge roughly $150,000 to $170,000 of your expected net proceeds (sale price, minus mortgage balance, minus estimated costs) for those 20 extra days, at an elevated interest rate, repaid in full the moment your existing sale actually closes.
What can go sideways: if your buyer's closing gets delayed (financing falls through late, an inspection issue reopens negotiations, their own chain collapses), you can end up carrying your old mortgage, your new mortgage, and the bridge loan simultaneously, with no guarantee of when that resolves. Get your lender's confirmation of bridge approval in writing before you assume it's available, and understand it's a short-term, higher-cost tool, not a long-term financing strategy.